Nmitigation of earthquake pdf

Social support is the most important factor in the mitigation of stress among adolescents. As a rayleigh wave moves across the earths surface, the earth moves up and down like an ocean wave. Most popular measure of seismic source size, surface wav e. Additionally, if you would like all of the resources together in a pdf document, that can be accessed as a complete resource here. Your chance of being killed in an earthquake is a factor of 3 less than it was in 1900. Students also explore the topic of earthquake prediction. Buildings 15 to 25 storeys high were damaged, causing.

Earthquake prediction, control and mitigation tulane university. Finally, students may need their earth science reference tables esrt for parts of the lesson a document used widely in the new york state earth science regents. Introduction to earthquake engineering notes ebook free. Defining an earthquakeunit i, level 1, grades k2 i 2. For seven days in may 2011, an ascecopri coastal structures team investigated the earthquake and tsunami effects specific to engineered coastal structures. Inthe case of sumatra, full size available only from normal modes. Loud speakers and battery alternate power is available. Pdf should earthquake mitigation measures be voluntary or. The movement of earths crust resulting from the release of built up potential energy between two stuck tectonic plates. Therefore, in the preearthquake phase, preparedness, mitigation and prevention. Earthquake hazards mitigation here on the big island, we feel small earthquakes on a regular basis, and magma movement underground that precedes eruptive activity produces lowlevel tremor. However, the two terms are quite different, and they are often confused.

Before an earthquake during an earthquake after an earthquake for more information on earthquake. Get an emergency kit, so that you and your family can be. The emergency operations plan and hazard mitigation plan update describe the management and coordinated responses to such disasters and hazards. An earthquake also known as a quake, tremor or temblor is the result of a sudden release of energy in the earths crust that creates seismic waves. It just received an honorable mention in the green book festival the purpose of the book is to give a simple explanation of an earthquake what causes them. Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy, and acceleration 107 be about 16 kin. Emergency preparedness operations plan baltimore county. Tsunami being lowfrequencyisgenerated by longest periods in seismic source static moment m0. Within the earth rocks are constantly subjected to forces that tend to bend, twist, or fracture them.

For better understanding of all the possibilities of earthquake risk reduction, it is important to classify them in terms of the role that each one of them could play. Introduction to earthquake protection of nonstructural. The location below the earths surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the. This is a brief definition which students of all ages can master. Bridge approach embankments and fills through which cutandcover tunnels are constructed should be designed to remain stable during the design seismic event because. Frequent, large earthquakes in remote areas represent high seismic hazard but low seismic risk, while moderate earth quakes directly beneath a large urban. Building damage from the marmara, turkey earthquake of august. Find out what to do before, during, and after an earthquake. Hazard mitigation of critical facilities erin ashley, phd, leed ap infrastructure resilience group lead urs 2014 international workshop on. Earthquake magnitude earthquake severity richter magnitude earthquake effects less than 3. A possible side effect of an earthquake is a tsunami, which means. Together with the official report of the conference, which is reproduced in part iv, they constitute a sum mary of present knowledge of earthquakes, of their social. Within the earth rocks are constantly subjected to.

Earthquake mitigation plan and measures linkedin slideshare. Many of these go undetected because their magnitude is small or they occur in areas which are not closely monitored. Replacement of piping with flexible joints to prevent earthquake damage. Mitigation definition, the act of mitigating, or lessening the force or intensity of something unpleasant, as wrath, pain, grief, or extreme circumstances. Flooding in the united states flooding is the most common natural hazard. A building that is intended to stand for some years should be able to meet these challenges. Even when a tank remains on its legs, the supply line can be. Pdf earthquake is one of the most devastating natural disasters on earth. An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the earth caused by the release of energy stored in rocks. But once in awhile, we experience larger earthquakes too.

This still leaves the san francisco and parkfield gaps as areas where we might predict a future large event. The sudden slip at the fault causes the earthquake a violent shaking of the earth when large elastic strain energy released spreads out through seismic waves that travel through the body and along the surface of the earth. National earthquake information center systems overview. Pdf disaster management and mitigation for earthquakes. Implementing mitigation actions helps achieve the plans mission and goals. Preventive and mitigation measures when earthquake strikes a building is thrown mostly from side to side, and also up and down along with the building foundation the building structure tends to stay at rest, similar to a passenger standing on a bus that accelerates quickly. The national earthquake hazards reduction program nehrp leads the federal governments efforts to reduce the fatalities, injuries and property losses caused by earthquakes. Two methods of earthquake forecasting are being employed paleoseismology and seismic gaps. Baltimore county maintains a high level of readiness for natural and manmade disasters and a variety of hazards. Pdf should earthquake mitigation measures be voluntary. People give importance to, listen carefully to the announcement from a mosque. Its like when youre teacher loses their marbles because youve asked them the same question 7 times in a row.

A flimsy flexible structure may avoid destruction in an earthquake, while a solid masonry building would be destroyed. Reinforcement of water towers to prevent tornado damage. Ketchum, charles worden, vince quitoriano, edward hunter, gregory smoczyk, and stan schwarz. Measuring large earthquakes at small periods simply misses their true size. National earthquake information center systems overview and integration. Earthquake earthquakes are sudden, violent shaking of the earths crust. For example, 30,000 died in erzincan during the 1939 richter magnitude 8 earthquake, further east on the same anatolian fault responsible for the marmara earthquake. Earthquakes may cause foundation problems when moist filled land liquefies. National earthquake information center systems overview and. Project report on earthquake pdf earthquakes are one of the most destructive of natural hazards. Mitigation is the reduction of something harmful or the reduction of its harmful effects. Earthquake is a sudden violent shaking of the ground, typically causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earths crust or volcanic action. Please refer to attached resource in the lesson introduction for the. Dec 30, 2015 the earthquake occurred about 300 km away from mexico city, but the soil amplified the motion of the ground by a factor of about 75 times.

Can cause major damage to poorly constructed buildings over small regions. The science behind earthquakes what is an earthquake. Earthquake effects can cover hundreds of thousands of square kilometers find. Mitigation measures require financial investment by the utility. Make a family emergency plan, so that everyone knows what to do and where to go in case of an emergency. Lessons learned from recent earthquake disasters have shown that preparedness and prevention. Earthquakes can be one of the most devastating natural disasters. By michelle guy, john patton, jeremy fee, mike hearne, eric martinez, d. Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy, and acceleration by. Types of mitigation actions a mitigation action is a specific action, project, activity, or process taken to reduce or eliminate longterm risk to people and property from hazards and their impacts. National earthquake hazards reduction program fema. Upon detection of a teleseismic earthquake, assess in realtime its tsunami potential.

The surface where they slip is called the fault or fault plane. Finally, earthquake disaster mitigation plan is proposed for the region, incorporating pre during and post. Earthquake mitigation planmeasures people actively maintain the mosques on their own. Most seismic events earthquakes are very minor, and do not. Therefore, in the pre earthquake phase, preparedness, mitigation and prevention. Earthquake causes and characteristics page 311 rayleigh waves. Isbn 9781922201805 pdf geocat 75909 illustrations by stuart mcmillen. This refers to areas where the land splits apart causing a rupture. And, after the earthquake is over, the process of strain buildup at this modified interface between the rocks starts all over again figure 6. The ability to do earthquake location and calculate magnitude immediately brings us into two basic requirement of instrumentation. When earthquake strikes a building is thrown mostly from side to side, and also up and down along with. It is referred by a certain real number on the richter scale e.

Figure 310 illustrates ground motion caused by rayleigh waves. The earthquake when she opened the door, she didnt smile at him. The structures are strong and have more chances of surviving in an earthquake. Disastrous earthquake in bangladesh and its precautions from various authentic sources have presented the various important aspects of earthquake and its threats, risks, vulnerability, preparations, precautions and rescue tasks with special vulnerability information on rural electrification re program in bangladesh. A full definition of the term, however, would need to include a good deal more. Earthquakes arent predictable, so the best practice is to always be prepared. Fires destroyed much of san francisco during the great 1906 earthquake.

May 30, 2014 earthquake mitigation planmeasures people actively maintain the mosques on their own. Earthquake hazards and mitigation strategies for each lesson in this section students learn about an. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Examples of nonstructural seismic hazard mitigation objectives 5. Chapter 6 seismic design page 62 geotechnical design manual m 4603. Rayleigh waves can move through the surface of both earth and water. They are caused when the earths tectonic plates move, rub, collide, or break apart. Building damage from the marmara, turkey earthquake of. Methods of improving postdisaster response and other suggestions towards earthquake hazard mitigation are discussed. Pdf greece is a country highly vulnerable to earthquakes. In the first part of this twoday lesson, i have a hook to give students a glimpse into the destructive power of earthquakes. Chapter 6 seismic design washington state department of.

More than 200,000 earthquakes are recorded each year, though it is estimated that several million occur globally. Earthquake magnitude is a measure of the size of the earthquake reflecting the elastic energy released by the earthquake. This book is meant to introduce the fundamentals of earthquake protection of nonstructural elements in buildings to first time readers, wishing to get a grip of the basics of the subject. The larger the earthquake, the longer the source scaling law. Fema and three other federal agencies coordinate their complementary activities to implement and maintain the program. Larger earthquakes tend to shake longer and harder and therefore cause more damage to structures1. Earthquakeresistant construction of adobe buildings. The geotectonic setup of the country, which is located along two of the planets active plate boundaries. An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. Hazard mitigation of critical facilities erin ashley, phd, leed ap infrastructure resilience group lead urs 2014 international workshop on environment and alternative energy october 2124, 2014 kennedy space center, fl. Mitigation definition of mitigation by the free dictionary. An earthquake happens when rock deep in the earth moves or breaks.

The earthquake occurred about 300 km away from mexico city, but the soil amplified the motion of the ground by a factor of about 75 times. Eighth grade lesson earthquakes day 12 betterlesson. Nonstructural earthquake mitigation guidance manual prepared for federal emergency management agency 500 c street, sw washington, d. The state of the art earthquake prediction in the northeastern region is also discussed.

Introduce the story on master 2, the turtle tale, and read it aloud. The assessment and mitigation of earthquake risk unesco digital. Impact of earthquake is characterized by intensity and epicenter, also aftershocks. Pakistan is located in one of the most earthquake prone region with many devastating earthquakes in the past and active tectonic shows that there might be more earthquakes in future. Similar types of damage were observed to a lesser extent in many prior earthquakes throughout turkey. It may refer to measures taken to reduce the harmful effects of hazards that remain in potentia, or to manage harmful incidents that have already occurred. Protecting against earthquake damage protecting your home or small business from disasters 58 anchoring fuel tanks and woodburning stoves fuel oil and propane tanks can slide or overturn in an earthquake, rupturing the tank or breaking the supply line and causing a fire. The numbers 161 refer to those on the map in figure 3. Recording and measuring earthquakes earthquakes generate vibrations called seismic waves that travel through the earth in all directions from the focus, the point beneath the earths surface where the earthquake begins. Note how in the lower crosssection, this earthquake and its aftershocks have filled in the loma prieta gap. Lesson 6 focuses on the properties of seismic waves and introduces students to earthquake measuring scales.